Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines largely comprising military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. Periscopes were used to survey the surrounding area, although they were prone to being damaged by rifle fire. This R & J Beck (R & J Beck was an optical manufacturing enterprise established in 1843 by brothers Richard Beck (1827–1866) and Joseph Beck FRAS, FRMS (June 1828 – 18 April 1891). The firm operated from its headquarters located at 69 Mortimer Street in London) WWI trench periscope is undamaged, the main shaft has lost some wear due to its age and use-imprinted; PERISCOPE Mk IX R & J Beck Ltd 1917 No 11813. The wooden removable handle is in very good condition, as are the lenses. 59 ¼ cm in - Click to reveal - delivery is in included with this lovely piece of history. 22080.