Thinking of owning a gun in the UK? Here’s what the law says.
UK firearms law is strict and specific, and it’s not always clear whether a gun you own, or plan to buy, requires a licence. This guide breaks down the UK gun licence rules by firearm type, helping you stay on the right side of the law.
Do I Need a Gun Licence in the UK?
That depends on what kind of gun you're talking about. Below is a simplified guide to the main categories of firearms and whether a Firearm Certificate (FAC), Shotgun Certificate (SGC) or no licence at all is required.
1. Firearms (Section 1 Guns)
Examples:
- Bolt-action rifles
- Semi-automatic rifles (rimfire only)
- Pistols for humane dispatch (very restricted use)
Licence Required: ✔️ Yes – Firearm Certificate (FAC)
You must apply via your local police force and meet strict eligibility, storage, and safety requirements.
2. Shotguns (Section 2 Guns)
Examples:
- Over-under shotguns
- Side-by-side shotguns
- Pump-action shotguns (with max 2-round magazine)
Licence Required: ✔️ Yes – Shotgun Certificate (SGC)
Shotguns are subject to different criteria than rifles, but still require police vetting and secure storage.
3. Airguns
Sub-12 ft/lb Air Rifles / Sub-6 ft/lb Air Pistols
Examples:
- Pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) air rifles under 12 ft/lb
- CO₂-powered air pistols under 6 ft/lb
Licence Required in England & Wales: ❌ No, if over age 18 and not legally prohibited.
Licence Required in Scotland: ✔️ Yes, under the Air Weapons Licensing (Scotland) Act 2015.
Licence Required in Northern Ireland: ✔️ Yes (all airguns require an FAC).
Even where no licence is needed, ownership is still subject to strict misuse laws and age restrictions.
4. Antique Firearms
Examples:
- Pre-1939 muzzle-loading rifles
- Flintlock pistols
- Certain obsolete calibres
Licence Required:
❌ No, if kept as a curiosity or ornament and fall under the Antique Firearms Regulations 2021.
✔️ Yes, if the antique gun is used or intended for use (e.g., for reenactment or firing). In this case, you’ll need a valid FAC or SGC.
Note: Definitions of “antique” are legally specific and regularly updated. Always check the Home Office list.
5. Prohibited Weapons (Section 5 Firearms)
Examples:
- Handguns
- Fully automatic weapons
- High-capacity shotguns
- Self-loading rifles (centrefire)
Licence Required:
✔️ Extremely restricted – Only issued under exceptional circumstances (e.g., military, humane dispatch, RFDs).
Most individuals in the UK cannot legally own these firearms.
Do I Need a Gun Licence? Quick Reference Table
|
Firearm Type |
Licence Needed? |
Certificate Type |
|---|---|---|
|
Bolt-action rifle
|
✅ Yes |
FAC |
|
Over/Under shotgun
|
✅ Yes |
SGC |
|
Sub-12 ft/lb air rifle (E&W)
|
❌ No |
N/A |
|
Sub-12 ft/lb air rifle (Scotland)
|
✅ Yes |
Air Weapon Cert |
|
Antique (display only)
|
❌ No |
N/A |
|
Antique (used/fired)
|
✅ Yes |
FAC or SGC |
|
Handgun (modern, centrefire)
|
Prohibited |
N/A |
Planning to Buy or Sell a Gun?
Always verify what type of certificate is required before listing or purchasing a firearm, even for airguns or antiques.
Gunstar offers guidance, verified listings, and the tools to help you sell or buy safely and legally.
Explore Listings | Sell Your Gun
Summary: UK Gun Licence Rules at a Glance
- Most modern rifles and shotguns require a licence.
- Airgun laws vary by region – especially in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
- Antiques are only exempt when truly “ornamental” and unfired.
- Section 5 weapons are heavily restricted and generally prohibited.
When in doubt, check with your local police licensing department, or start with Gunstar’s Licensing Hub.
