Trying to decide between a Firearm Certificate and a Shotgun Certificate? Here’s what you need to know.
In the UK, owning most types of guns legally requires either a Firearm Certificate (FAC) or a Shotgun Certificate (SGC). While both are issued by your local police force, they apply to different types of guns and come with different rules, conditions, and legal definitions.
This guide breaks down the difference between a shotgun licence and a firearm licence in plain English, so you can apply for the right one, and understand what it covers.
What Is a Firearm Certificate (FAC)?
A Firearm Certificate allows you to legally own and use Section 1 firearms.
Examples of guns covered by an FAC:
- Bolt-action rifles (e.g. .22LR, .243, .308)
- Semi-automatic rimfire rifles
- Large-calibre target rifles
- High-powered air rifles (over 12 ft/lb)
- Sound moderators (suppressors)
Key requirements:
- You must provide a valid reason (e.g. target shooting, pest control, deer stalking)
- You must name each firearm and calibre on your certificate
- Police will check your security, background, and suitability
What Is a Shotgun Certificate (SGC)?
A Shotgun Certificate allows you to own Section 2 shotguns, which are typically smoothbore and used for sporting, hunting, and clay shooting.
Examples of guns covered by an SGC:
- Over-and-under shotguns
- Side-by-side shotguns
- Pump-action or semi-automatic shotguns (with a max 2-round magazine)
Key differences from FAC:
- No need to specify each individual shotgun on the certificate
- No requirement to justify ownership, unless police believe there’s a reason to refuse
- Still requires secure storage and police checks
FAC vs SGC: Key Differences at a Glance
|
Feature |
Firearm Certificate (FAC) |
Shotgun Certificate (SGC) |
|---|---|---|
|
Covers which guns? |
Rifles, high-power airguns |
Shotguns (max 2+1 capacity) |
|
Do you need to justify use? |
✅ Yes |
❌ No (unless challenged) |
|
Are guns listed individually? |
✅ Yes – per item |
❌ No |
|
Need to specify ammunition? |
✅ Yes – by type/amount |
❌ No |
|
Is secure storage required? |
✅ Yes |
✅ Yes |
|
Application form |
Form 201 (FAC) |
Form 201 (SGC) |
Can You Apply for Both an FAC and SGC?
Yes, many shooters in the UK hold both certificates, especially those involved in different disciplines like game shooting and long-range rifle sports. You can apply for both at the same time using a combined form, and your home will be inspected once for both.
Summary: FAC vs SGC
- Firearm Certificate (FAC): Required for rifles, moderators, and high-power airguns. You must list every firearm and justify your need.
- Shotgun Certificate (SGC): Covers most sporting shotguns. Easier to apply for, but still requires background checks and secure storage.
Not sure which licence you need? Start with your intended use: clay shooting = SGC, deer stalking or target rifle = FAC.
